CHEYENNE, Wyo. (AP) 鈥� President Donald Trump鈥檚 promise to go includes praise for coal, a reliable but polluting energy source that's long been in decline.
Trump this week suggested coal can help meet surging electricity demand from manufacturing and the massive data centers needed for artificial intelligence.
鈥淣othing can destroy coal. Not the weather, not a bomb 鈥� nothing," in Davos, Switzerland, by video link Thursday. 鈥淎nd we have more coal than anybody.鈥�
Yet energy experts say any bump for coal under Trump is likely to be temporary since natural gas is cheaper and there鈥檚 a durable market for renewable energy no matter who holds the White House.
鈥淚t's kind of been shown over the last three administrations even the president of the United States can't change markets, the trend for coal," said University of Wyoming economics professor Rob Godby. "It might lead to a reprieve."
Here's a look at the outlook for coal during Trump's second term:
AI WILL REQUIRE MORE ELECTRICITY
Efficiency gains have plateaued electricity demand in the U.S. for 15 years, but that's changing. More manufacturing, more electric vehicles, and energy-hungry computing centers necessary for artificial intelligence are poised to strain the system.
Electricity demand for data centers alone will increase 10-20% per year through 2030, while manufacturing of batteries, solar cells and semiconductors will require additional gigawatts of new power over the next four years, predicted Chris Seiple with analyst firm Wood Mackenzie.
While the tech industry is used to churning out new products to meet changing demand, electric utilities are not. Power plants and transmission lines often take decades of planning.
鈥淵ou鈥檝e got to remember the Trump administration is a four-year administration. It鈥檚 really difficult for utilities to make investment decisions in four-year windows,鈥� Godby said.
A REPRIEVE FOR SOME OLD COAL PLANTS
Trump this week issued executive orders calling for prioritizing energy development, such as by lifting regulations that impede development of fossil fuels.
That could lead to of President Joe Biden's power plant pollution regulations and an end to some policies that support renewables.
Environmentalists cringe at the implications for climate change 鈥� electricity generation accounts for one-quarter of U.S. carbon emissions, according to the EPA 鈥� but miners welcome the shift.
Unlike solar and wind power, which are subject to the vagaries of sunlight and the weather unless they're paired with battery storage, coal-fired electricity can run around the clock with only periodic downtime for maintenance. Supporters say that's good to meet the round-the-clock power needed for technology facilities.
But while tech firms that want off-the-grid power might invest in a 鈥渄irt cheap鈥� coal-fired power plant, Godby said, such plants need time to fire up. They aren't very good for the kind of on-the-spot backup power Trump was referring to in addressing the Davos conference.
鈥淚t's natural gas that will benefit the most from rising electricity generation,鈥� Seiple said. 鈥淚t's very unlikely we will see new coal plants due to how expensive they are.鈥�
Surging demand is expected to prompt some utilities to delay plans to retire coal-fired power plants. That's already happening with plants in Maryland, Indiana and Illinois, Seiple said.
That suggests a reprieve, not a comeback, for coal in the long term.
COULD TRUMP TAP PUBLIC COAL RESERVES?
The U.S. has some of the largest coal reserves in the world, with enough of the fuel to last more than 400 years at current mining rates, according to the Energy Information Administration.
The industry relies heavily on reserves on public lands in the West, particularly the Powder River Basin of Wyoming and Montana.
Those sales have long been politically contentious. Trump in his first term on government coal sales , although few new sales resulted because of declining demand.
The Biden administration also sought to by issuing new land use plans for the Powder River Basin in the of his administration. That ban was projected to result in mines depleting their federal coal reserves as early as 2035 鈥� decades earlier than if leasing continued.
Republicans have vowed to end those restrictions. When Sen. Jon Barrasso pressed Trump Interior secretary nominee Doug Burgum about the ban during his confirmation hearing last week, Burgum replied that he would 鈥渁bsolutely鈥� work with the Wyoming Republican to reverse the Biden administration鈥檚 move.
Burgum also pledged to work with Montana Republican Sen. Steve Daines to advance pending coal mine expansion permits in the lawmaker鈥檚 state.
鈥淲e have a shortage of electricity and especially we have a shortage of baseload. We know that we have the technology to deliver clean coal,鈥� Burgum said, referencing a coal-to-gas plant in North Dakota 鈥� where he served two terms as governor 鈥� that captures and sequesters carbon dioxide that would otherwise warm the planet.
Research has shown carbon capture is feasible and useful to help restore diminishing production at aging oil fields. But the practicality of commercial-scale, from electricity plants powered by coal and other fossil fuels has been questioned by scientists.
US COAL EXPORTS RISE
Global coal production was expected to hit an all-time high last year, approaching 10 billion tons (9 billion metric tons), the International Energy Agency reported last month.
The biggest demand comes from Asia, where countries including China continue to build new coal-fired power plants as their economies expand.
U.S. coal companies have sought to by exporting more coal, but that's been hindered by a lack of port access on the West Coast after exports peaked under former President Barack Obama.
To get around opposition to new ports, Republicans during Trump鈥檚 first term considered but never acted on a plan to or other federal properties as fossil fuel export sites.
Exports last year were expected to top 100 million tons for the second year in a row, with most of that fuel going to India, China, Brazil, Japan and the Netherlands. That鈥檚 given some relief to U.S. companies as their domestic market declined.
鈥淭here is strong global appetite for coal and U.S. producers are ready to answer that need,鈥� Rich Nolan, the president of the National Mining Association, said in an email.
Overall U.S. coal production is forecast to continue declining through 2027, according to the International Energy Agency.
鈥淭he long-term trend is hard to get out of," Godby said.
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Mead Gruver And Matthew Brown, The Associated Press
