If you鈥檙e a human living on this planet, you should get to know Doug Tallamy, the entomologist and University of Delaware professor whose groundbreaking 2006 book, 鈥淏ringing Nature Home,鈥� supercharged the .
Tallamy made a case that our native birds and insects evolved with native plants, so they recognize them as food. The loss of these native plants and habitats to development poses an not just to wildlife, but to us.
Since then, Tallamy co-founded a grassroots movement whose mission is to 鈥渦rgently inspire everyone to address the by adding native plants and removing invasive ones where we live, work, learn, pray, and play.鈥�
Tallamy chatted with The Associated Press about his decades-long research, his new book, 鈥淗ow Can I Help?鈥� and what he鈥檚 planning next.
The interview has been edited for length and clarity.
AP: What initially inspired you to focus on native plants and their relationships with insects?
TALLAMY: I am an entomologist, so I always think about insects, but it was when my wife, Cindy, and I moved into our home in Oxford, Pennsylvania. The developer had mowed the land for hay, and when you do that, what comes back is all the from Asia, so we ended up with 10 acres of invasive species. Watching the insects interact with those plants showed very clearly that our with them.
So we put the plants that they require back. Ever since, I鈥檝e been measuring the number of bird species that have bred on our property 鈥� 62 鈥� and the number of moth species 鈥� 1,337 鈥� that produce the caterpillars that those birds need to reproduce. And that tells me it works.
About 80% of the plants in our residential landscapes are non-native plants. They don鈥檛 have to be invasive to wreck the food web. So that led me in a whole new research direction to find out what is happening to the food web.
We got the numbers that supported the argument that native plants are essential, insects are essential, insects are declining, the .
AP: How has public awareness of native plants and biodiversity evolved since you wrote 鈥淏ringing Nature Home鈥�?
TALLAMY: I have been talking about it for 20 years and can measure the public response. I get three or four speaking requests a day. Interest is going through the roof.
My message is that you can be part of the solution instead of contributing to the problem just by how you landscape your property. You can reduce the area that you have in lawn, you can put in and you can watch it come back to your own yard. And .
AP: What are the biggest misconceptions that people have about insect conservation and native plants?
TALLAMY: A common one is that native landscaping is essentially the lack of landscaping and you just stop doing anything. That鈥檚 not true at all. They think all native plant landscapes are wild and messy, but , by any stretch.
Another misconception is that if you use native plants instead of crape myrtle from Asia, it鈥檚 going to lower your property value. These are the talking points of homeowners鈥� associations. If you don鈥檛 have most of your property in lawn, you鈥檙e not a good citizen.
AP: How do you respond to people who fear that 鈥渨ild鈥� look?
We do have lawn as a status symbol. So, I don鈥檛 suggest we get rid of lawn. Instead, reduce the amount of area that鈥檚 in lawn.
You should use lawn where you walk because it鈥檚 the best plant to walk on without killing it. Line your sidewalk and your driveway with lawn, and have swaths of grass going through your property where you鈥檙e going to walk.
Keep it low and manicured to show you and that you鈥檙e intentional and taking care of your yard.
And when you do that, nobody even notices. You don鈥檛 get cited. You get cited when you try to put a big meadow in your front yard because nobody鈥檚 used to that.
AP: What simple actions can homeowners take to make the biggest impact on their local ecosystem?
TALLAMY: There are two.
First, reduce the lawn. Every property has to support pollinators, every property has to manage the watershed in which it lies and every property has to sequester carbon (plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere). That鈥檒l help combat . And every property has to support the viable food webs of the animals associated with the property.
Lawn does none of those things.
If you have a lot of lawn, you get a lot of runoff, and you鈥檙e polluting your watershed with the fertilizers and the pesticides you put on the lawn. When you have a well-planted property, it keeps the water on site, cleans it, helps it soak into the ground and recharges your water table.
AP: What's the second action?
TALLAMY: Choose plants that are going to support that food web, the ones that will share the most energy with other living things. That鈥檚 the problem with plants from other continents; our insects can鈥檛 eat them. So, there are no insects for the birds, and the food web stops.
In 84% of the counties where they occur, oaks are the No. 1 plant for passing along that energy. If you鈥檙e going to plant a tree, that is the best plant to choose.
AP: In your new book, 鈥淗ow can I Help?", you answer 499 questions you're most frequently asked and address the importance of ecological balance. How would you explain that to homeowners who may not be familiar with the science?
TALLAMY: I included chapters like that because we were never taught these things. How can I expect somebody to understand that conservation is important when they don鈥檛 know what biodiversity does, when they don鈥檛 know how much we depend on it totally? Or what evolution or natural selection is.
So, it鈥檚 a little primer to basic ecological knowledge that will help you understand how important these issues are.
AP: What upcoming projects are you excited about?
TALLAMY: Well, I鈥檓 getting closer to retirement, but I just graduated a master鈥檚 student who is looking at how we landscape underneath our trees.
We talk about the in creating the caterpillars that drive the food web. But those caterpillars drop from the tree and they pupate in the ground. And how we landscape under those trees determines whether or not those caterpillars will survive. So, that鈥檚 really an important addition to our landscape management tools.
You want uncompacted areas where we鈥檙e not walking, which means beds around our trees. If you鈥檙e mowing or walking under it, you鈥檙e squishing all those caterpillars.
So, we ranked all of the plant genera in North America in terms of their ability to support caterpillars and keep that food web going. We haven鈥檛 published it yet, but now we鈥檝e got that data for every country in the world.
AP: Anything else you鈥檇 like to share?
TALLAMY: I always like to convey a sense of responsibility. It鈥檚 not just the job of a few ecologists or conservation biologists. It鈥檚 everybody鈥檚 responsibility because we all need it.
You can do that by voting properly. You can do that by not hindering conservation efforts, or you can actively do it right on your own property. But everybody has a responsibility to do it.
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Jessica Damiano writes weekly gardening columns for the AP and publishes the award-winning Weekly Dirt Newsletter. You can sign up for weekly gardening tips and advice.
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Jessica Damiano, The Associated Press
